b-Carotene Singlet oxygen

Devasagayam, T.P.A.; Werner, T.; Ippendorf, H.; Martin, H.D.; Sies, H.
Photochem. Photobiol. 55, 511-514 (1992)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CHCl₃

k = 5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

used solvent k_d = 3.0 × 10⁴ s^-1; ¹O₂* from NDPO₂.

Lichszteld, K.; Michalska, T.; Kruk, I.
Z. Phys. Chem. (Munich) 175, 117-122 (1992)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: MeOH

k = 9.3 × 10⁸(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 297K

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: electron spin resonance
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Indicator = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine; formn. of TEMPO monitored by esr; soln. cont. MeONa and CoCl₂, ¹O₂* from autoxidation of adrenaline; k_d not given.

Kruk, I.; Lichszteld, K.; Michalska, T.; Paraskevas, S.M.
Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 35, 167-173 (1992)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: MeOH, 95%, H₂O, 5%

k = 6.3 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 310K

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

soln. cont. 0.05 mol L^-1 MeONa and 5 × 10^-4 mol L^-1 CoCl₂, used solvent k_d = 1.8 × 10⁵ s^-1; ¹O₂* from autoxidation of oxytetracycline.

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: n-C₆H₁₄

k = 1.4 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine.

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃

k = 1.4 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine.

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine.

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 9.9 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine.

Jung, M.Y.; Min, D.B.
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 68, 653-658 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Reference Reaction: Soybean oil + ¹O₂^* ®
Solvent: CH₂Cl₂

k = 4.6 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1), k_reference = 1.0 × 10⁵(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 298K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: chemical analysis
Data type: Relative value measured by steady state method

Photosensitizer = Chlorophyll a; obs. peroxide formation. Added solute 0-10^-5. [Indicator] = 1.6 × 10^-1 (mol L^-1).

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CHCl₃

k = 1.1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine.

Conn, P.F.; Schalch, W.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 11, 41-47 (1991)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CHCl₃, 50%, EtOH, 50%

k = 1.2 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 346 or 355 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenazine; Soln. cont. 1% H₂O.

Shiozaki, H.; Nakazumi, H.; Takamura, Y.; Kitao, T.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 63, 2653-2658 (1990)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 298K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator
Excitation wavelength: 525 nm

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 4.2 × 10⁴ s^-1; k for indicator = 4.2 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s); k_prod. = 2.0 × 10⁶ L mol^-1 s^-1. [Sensitizer] = 1 × 10^-4 (mol L^-1).

Corey, E.J.; Khan, A.U.; Ha, D.-C.
Tetrahedron Lett. 31, 1389-1392 (1990)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 1.0 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 296K

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

used solvent k_d = 1.7 × 10³ s^-1; ¹O₂* from DMNO₂.

Borland, C.F.; Cogdell, R.J.; Land, E.J.; Truscott, T.G.
J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 3, 237-245 (1989)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆D₆

k = 2.1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly

Photosensitizer = Purpurin (unknown structure).

Di Mascio, P.; Kaiser, S.; Sies, H.
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 274, 532-538 (1989)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CHCl₃, 50%, EtOH, 50%

k = 4 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 310K

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

¹O₂* from NDPO₂; reported k = 1.4 × 10¹⁰ L mol^-1 s^-1 using k_d = 1 × 10⁵ s^-1, recalcd. using k_d = 3.0 × 10⁴ s^-1 [92DIM/SUN]; see also [90DIM/DEV].

Gorman, A.A.; Hamblett, I.; Lambert, C.; Spencer, B.; Standen, M.C.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 8053-8059 (1988)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: Toluene

Activation energy = 4 (7)(kJ mol^-1), Log(A) = 10.743, Enthalpy of activation = 2 (5)(kJ mol^-1), Entropy of activation = -60 (-50)(J K^-1 mol^-1), Temperature range 183 to 363 K
k = 1.1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 355 nm

Photosensitizer = 2'-Acetonaphthone; pre-exciplex-equilibrium limit (and diffusion limit). [Sensitizer] = 2.9 × 10^-3 (mol L^-1).

Murasecco-Suardi, P.; Oliveros, E.; Braun, A.M.; Hansen, H.-J.
Helv. Chim. Acta 71, 1005-1010 (1988)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 5.9 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

Photosensitizer = Phenalen-1-one. used solvent k_d = 35 s^-1.

Murasecco-Suardi, P.; Oliveros, E.; Braun, A.M.; Hansen, H.-J.
Helv. Chim. Acta 71, 1005-1010 (1988)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CD₃OD

k = 1.4 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements
Excitation wavelength: 546 nm

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion. used solvent k_d = 4.4 × 10³ s^-1. [O₂] = 2.1 × 10^-3.

Murasecco-Suardi, P.; Oliveros, E.; Braun, A.M.; Hansen, H.-J.
Helv. Chim. Acta 71, 1005-1010 (1988)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CD₃OD

k = 1.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements
Excitation wavelength: 366 nm

Photosensitizer = Phenalen-1-one. used solvent k_d = 4.4 × 10³ s^-1. [O₂] = 2.1 × 10^-3.

Corey, E.J.; Mehrotra, M.M.; Khan, A.U.
Science 236, 68-69 (1987)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.5 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 303K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; k_d not given.

Corey, E.J.; Mehrotra, M.M.; Khan, A.U.
Science 236, 68-69 (1987)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₂FCClF₂

k = 1.1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 303K

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Indicator = Rubrene; ¹O₂* from DMNO₂; k_A¢ and k_d not given.

Acs, A.; Schmidt, R.; Brauer, H.-D.
Photochem. Photobiol. 38, 527-531 (1983)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃

k = 1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator
Excitation wavelength: 546 nm

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Mesodiphenylhelianthrene. used solvent k_d = 4.0 × 10⁴ s^-1. [O₂] = air.

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.; Paramonova, L.I.
Biophysics (Engl. Transl.) 28, 769-774 (1983)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products
Solvent: CCl₄

k_react = 3.8 × 10⁶(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

Photosensitizer = 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine; Actinometer = Tetracene.

Fuke, K.; Ueda, M.; Itoh, M.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 1091-1096 (1983)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CH₂Cl₂

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: temperature changes
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 520 nm nm

Photosensitizer = 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine.

Fuke, K.; Ueda, M.; Itoh, M.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 1091-1096 (1983)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₂FCClF₂, 96%, CH₂Cl₂, 4%

k = 9.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: temperature changes
Data type: Absolute value measured directly
Excitation wavelength: 520 nm nm

Photosensitizer = 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine.

Salokhiddinov, K.I.; Byteva, I.M.; Dzhagarov, B.M.; Gurinovich, G.P.
J. Appl. Spectrosc. 35, 888-891 (1981)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CHCl₃

k = 6.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly

Photosensitizer = MPDEE or PdMPDEE.

Nowakowska, M.
Makromol. Chem. 181, 1013-1020 (1980)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products
Solvent: Hexane

k_react = 3.7 × 10⁷(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator
Excitation wavelength: 365 nm

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Anthracene; used solvent k_d = 6 × 10⁴ s^-1; calcd. using k_A = 3 × 10¹⁰ L mol^-1 s^-1.

Salokhiddinov, K.I.; Dzhagarov, B.M.; Byteva, I.M.; Gurinovich, G.P.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 76, 85-87 (1980)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 6.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 295K

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Absolute value measured directly

Photosensitizer = PdMPDME or MPDME; decay at 1588 nm; decay at 1272 nm gave 7 × 10⁹ L mol^-1 s^-1.

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.
Photochem. Photobiol. 29, 29-36 (1979)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 7 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Modulated photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

Photosensitizer = Protoporphyrin, Pheophytin a or Bacteriochlorophyll a; used solvent k_d = 35 s^-1; see also [77KRA], [78KRA].

Wilkinson, F.; Ho, W.-T.
Spectrosc. Lett. 11, 455-463 (1978)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Absolute value measured directly using indicator

Photosensitizer = Anthracene.

Koka, P.; Song, P.-S.
Photochem. Photobiol. 28, 509-515 (1978)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆, 67%, EtOH, 33%

k = 1.6 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; used solvent k_d = 1 × 10⁵ s^-1; Indicator = Chlorophyll a.

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.; Venediktov, E.A.
Biophysics 23, 294-296 (1978)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 7.0 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Modulated photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements
Excitation wavelength: 652 nm

Photosensitizer = 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine; used solvent k_d = 36 s^-1; see also [83KRA/PAR].

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.; Kagan, V.E.
Dokl. Biophys. 241-243, 147-150 (1978)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄

k = 8.0 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Modulated photolysis
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements
Excitation wavelength: 385 nm

Photosensitizer = (all-E)-Retinal; used solvent k_d = 36 s^-1; see also [79KRA/KAG]. [Sensitizer] = £10^-6 (mol L^-1).

Slawinska, D.
Photochem. Photobiol. 28, 453-458 (1978)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: EtOH, 95%, H₂O, 5%

k = 2 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Chemical reaction
Analytical method: infrared luminescence
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

¹O₂* from pyrogallol autooxidation by O₂/KOH; k_d not given.

Zweig, A.; Henderson, W.A.,Jr.
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 13, 717-736 (1975)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃

k = 3.0 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 1 × 10⁵ s^-1; k for indicator = 1.7 × 10⁸ L/(mol·s).

Ivanov, V.B.; Shlyapintokh, V.Ya.; Khvostach, O.M.; Shapiro, A.B.; Rozantsev, E.G.
J. Photochem. 4, 313-319 (1975)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆, 89%, EtOH, 11%

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 295K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: electron spin resonance
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; used solvent k_d = 3 × 10⁴ s^-1; Indicator = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol.

Fahrenholtz, S.R.; Doleiden, F.H.; Trozzolo, A.M.; Lamola, A.A.
Photochem. Photobiol. 20, 505-509 (1974)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₅H₅N

k = 6.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Modulated photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 6.0 × 10⁴ s^-1; k for indicator = 4 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s).

Mathews-Roth, M.M.; Wilson, T.; Fujimori, E.; Krinsky, N.I.
Photochem. Photobiol. 19, 217-222 (1974)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆, 60%, MeOH, 40%

k = 2.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Methylene Blue; Indicator = Rubrene. used solvent k_d = 1.0 × 10⁵ s^-1.

Hrdlovic, P.; Danecek, J.; Karvas, M.; Durmis, J.
Chem. Zvesti 28, 792-801 (1974)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CCl₄, 90%, CHCl₃, 10%

k = 6.2 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV emission
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 1.4 × 10³ s^-1; k for indicator = 7 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s).

Carlsson, D.J.; Suprunchuk, T.; Wiles, D.M.
Can. J. Chem. 52, 3728-3737 (1974)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CH₂Cl₂

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 298K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 8.0 × 10³ s^-1; k for indicator = 7.3 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s).

Guillory, J.P.; Cook, C.F.
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 11, 1927-1937 (1973)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₅Br

k = 3.4 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 273K

Experimental method: Discharge
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Indicator = Rubrene; k for indicator = 4.0 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s); used solvent k_d = 1.3 × 10⁴ s^-1.

Farmilo, A.; Wilkinson, F.
Photochem. Photobiol. 18, 447-450 (1973)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.3 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 298K

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Absolute value measured directly using indicator

Photosensitizer = Anthracene; Indicator = 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran.

Farmilo, A.; Wilkinson, F.
Photochem. Photobiol. 18, 447-450 (1973)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 1.1 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1), T = 298K

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Absolute value measured directly using indicator

Photosensitizer = Anthracene.

Carlsson, D.J.; Suprunchuk, T.; Wiles, D.M.
J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed. 11, 61-65 (1973)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: CH₂Cl₂

k = 8.5 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Indicator = Rubrene; used solvent k_d = 7.3 × 10³ s^-1; k for indicator = 7 × 10⁷ L/(mol·s).

Merkel, P.B.; Kearns, D.R.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7244-7253 (1972)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆

k = 2 × 10¹⁰(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Flash photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV absorption
Data type: Absolute value measured directly using indicator

Photosensitizer = Methylene Blue; Indicator = 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran; Solvent contained 2% MeOH.

Foote, C.; Peterson, E.R.; Lee, K.-W.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 1032-1033 (1972)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Reference Reaction: 2-Methyl-2-pentene + ¹O₂^* ®
Solvent: CS₂

b = 1.5 × 10^-7(mol L^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: gas chromatography
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements

Photosensitizer = 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine. meas. k_d/k = 1.5 × 10^-7 mol/L.

Young, R.H.; Wehrly, K.; Martin, R.L.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 5774-5779 (1971)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: 1-BuOH

b = 5.5 × 10^-6(mol L^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV emission
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; Indicator = 2,5-Diphenylfuran. meas. k_d/k = 5.5 × 10^-6 mol/L.

Young, R.H.; Wehrly, K.; Martin, R.L.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 5774-5779 (1971)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: tert-BuOH

b = 3.8 × 10^-6(mol L^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV emission
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; Indicator = 2,5-Diphenylfuran. meas. k_d/k = 3.8 × 10^-6 mol/L.

Young, R.H.; Wehrly, K.; Martin, R.L.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 5774-5779 (1971)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: C₆H₆, 80%, MeOH, 20%

k = 9.7 × 10⁹(L mol^-1 s^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV emission
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; used solvent k_d = 3.8 × 10⁴ s^-1; Indicator = 2,5-Diphenylfuran.

Young, R.H.; Wehrly, K.; Martin, R.L.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 5774-5779 (1971)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products and/or physical quenching
Solvent: MeOH

b = 6.1 × 10^-6(mol L^-1)

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: vis-UV emission
Data type: Derived from steady state measurements using indicator

Photosensitizer = Rose Bengal dianion; Indicator = 2,5-Diphenylfuran. meas. k_d/k = 6.1 × 10^-6 mol/L.

Foote, C.S.; Denny, R.W.; Weaver, L.; Chang, Y.; Peters, J.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 171, 139-145 (1970)

Reaction: b-Carotene + ¹O₂^* ® products
Reference Reaction: 2-Methyl-2-pentene + ¹O₂^* ®
Solvent: C₆H₆, 80%, MeOH, 20%

k/k_reference = 1.5 × 10⁴
T = 298K

Experimental method: Photolysis
Analytical method: gas chromatography
Data type: Relative value measured by steady state method

Photosensitizer = Methylene Blue; Meas. k/k_ref = 1.5 × 10⁴.