Reduction Potentials of One-Electron Couples

Tab to Data Tables

  1. Reduction potentials of quinones
  2. Reduction potentials of nitroaryl compounds
  3. Reduction potentials of bipyridinium and related compounds
    1. Unbridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds
    2. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of dipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium
    3. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (`diquat')
    4. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 7,8-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[1,2-a: 2',1'-c][1,4]diazepinediium
    5. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrodipyrido[1,2-a: 2',1'-c][1,4]diazocinediium
    6. Miscellaneous 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds
    7. 2,4'-Bipyridinium compounds
    8. Symmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = R1') without additional ring substituents
    9. Symmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = R1') with additional ring substituents
    10. Asymmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = CH3, R1' = variable)
    11. Asymmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 not R1' not CH3)
    12. Quaternary derivatives of phenanthrolines, diazapyrenes and diazapentaphenes (see also 3.6.)
  4. Reduction potentials of miscellanious organic compounds
  5. Reduction potentials of phenoxyl radicals
  6. Reduction potentials of amine, indole, pyrimidine and purine radicals
  7. Reduction potentials of phenothiazine radicals
  8. Reduction potentials of radicals from miscellanious organic compounds
  9. Reduction potentials of inorganic couples

Data Tables


3.1. Unbridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds
_280. - 2,2'-Bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = H)
_281. - 1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3)
_282. - N,N'-Bis(3-sulfanatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = (CH2)3SO3–)
_283. - 4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium (R4 = R4' = CH3)
3.2. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of dipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'...
_285. - Dipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium
_286. - 6-Methyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = CH3)
_287. - 6-Phenyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = C6H5)
3.3. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1...
_289. - 6,7-Dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium
_290. - 4-Bromo-6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R4 = Br)
_291. - 6,7-Dihydro-6-hydroxydipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = OH)
_292. - 3-Cyano-6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = CN)
_293. - 6,7-Dihydro-4-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R4 = CH3)
_294. - 6,7-Dihydro-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = CH3)
_295. - 6,7-Dihydro-3-methoxydipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = OCH3)
_296. - 3-Methoxycarbonyl-6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = CO2CH3)
_297. - 4-Ethyl-6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R4 = C2H5)
_298. - 3-Ethoxy-6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = OC2H5)
_299. - 6,7-Dihydro-1,12-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R1 = R12 = CH3)
_300. - 6,7-Dihydro-2,11-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R2 = R11 = CH3)
_301. - 6,7-Dihydro-3,10-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = R10 = CH3)
_302. - 6,7-Dihydro-4,9-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R4 = R9 = CH3)
_303. - 6,7-Dihydro-6,6-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = R6 = CH3)
_304. - 6,7-Dihydro-3-propoxydipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R3 = OC3H7)
_305. - 6,7-Dihydro-2,3,10,11-tetramethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R2 = R3 = R10 = R11 = CH3)
_306. - 6,7-Dihydro-4(2-pyridyl)dipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R4 = 2-pyridyl)
_307. - 6,7-Dihydro-6-phenyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium (R6 = C6H5)
3.4. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 7,8-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[1,2-a: 2'...
_309. - 7,8-Dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c][1,4]diazepinediium
_310. - 7,8-Dihydro-4-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]diazepinediium (R4 = CH3)
_311. - 7,8-Dihydro-3-methoxydipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]diazepinediium (R3 = OCH3)
_312. - 7,8-Dihydro-2,12-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c][1,4]diazepinediium (R2 = R12 = CH3)
_313. - 7,8-Dihydro-3,11-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]diazepinediium (R3 = R11 = CH3)
_314. - 7,8-Dihydro-2,3,11,12-tetramethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c][1,4]diazepinediium (R2 = R3 = R11 = R12 = CH3)
3.5. Bridged 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds: derivatives of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrodipyrido[1,2-a: 2'...
_315. - 1,1'-Tetramethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium
_316. - 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-2,13-dimethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c][1,4]diazocinediium (R2 = R13 = CH3)
_317. - 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-2,3,12,13-tetramethyldipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c][1,4]diazocinediium (R2 = R3 = R12 = R13 = CH3)
3.6. Miscellaneous 2,2'-bipyridinium compounds
_319. - 1,10-Phenanthrolinium (R = R' = H)
_320. - 1,10-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium (R = R' = CH3)
_321. - Phenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]pyrazinediium
_322. - Phenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazepinediium (R = R1 = H)
_323. - 1-Chlorophenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazepinediium (R = H, R' = Cl)
_324. - 1-Methylphenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazepinediium (R = H, R' = CH3)
_325. - 1,11-Dimethylphenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazepinediium (R = R' = CH3)
_326. - 1,11-Dimethylphenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazepinediium (R = R' = C6H5)
_327. - Phenanthrolino[4,5-a:6,7-c]diazocinediium
_328. - 1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-biquinolinium
3.7. 2,4'-Bipyridinium compounds
_330. - 1,1'-Dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridinium
3.8. Symmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = R...
_332. - 4,4'-Bipyridine (R = H)
_333. - Methyl viologen (R = CH3)
_334. - 1,1'-Dimethoxy-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = OCH3)
_335. - 1,1'-Bis(cyanomethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CN)
_336. - 1,1'-Bis(carboxymethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CO2H)
_337. - 1,1'-Bis(2-sulfonatoethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2SO3–)
_338. - 1,1'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2Cl)
_339. - 1,1'-Bis(carbamylmethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CONH2)
_340. - 1,1'-Bis(2-hydroxyiminoethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=NOH)
_341. - 1,1'-Diethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = C2H5)
_342. - 1,1'-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2OH)
_343. - 1,1'-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2NH2)
_344. - 1,1'-Bis(2-propynyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2Ctriple-bondCH)
_345. - 1,1'-Bis(1,2-dichloroethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2(Cl)=CHCl)
_346. - 1,1'-Diallyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH2)
_347. - 1,1'-Bis(2-oxopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2COCH3)
_348. - 1,1'-Bis(2-carboxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2CO2H)
_349. - 1,1'-Bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)3SO3–)
_350. - 1,1'-Dipropyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = n-C3H7)
_351. - 1,1'-Bis(1-methylethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH(CH3)2)
_352. - 1,1'-Bis(ethylthiomethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2SEt)
_353. - 1,1'-Bis(3-cyanopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)3CN)
_354. - 1,1'-Bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CO2Et)
_355. - 1,1'-Bis(dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CON(CH3)2)
_356. - 1,1'-Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2OEt)
_357. - 1,1'-Bis[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)2CO2Et)
_358. - 1,1'-Bis[2-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)2CON(CH3)2)
_359. - 1,1'-Bis[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)3CO2Et)
_360. - 1,1'-Bis[2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)2N+(CH3)3)
_361. - 1,1'-Bis(4-nitrophenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = p-NO2C6H4)
_362. - 1,1'-Diphenyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = C6H5)
_363. - 1,1'-Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2(2-pyridyl))
_364. - 1,1'-Bis(diethylaminocarbonylmethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CON(C2H5)2)
_365. - 1,1'-Bis[3-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)3CON(CH3)2)
_366. - 1,1'-Dihexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = n-C6H13)
_367. - 1,1'-Bis(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH(OEt)2)
_368. - 1,1'-Bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)3N+(CH3)3)
_369. - 1,1'-Bis(alpha-cyanobenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH(C6H5)CN)
_370. - 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2C6H5)
_371. - 1,1'-Diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = n-C7H15)
_372. - 1,1'-Bis[4-(trimethylammonio)butyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)4N+(CH3)3)
_373. - 1,1'-Bis(alpha-cyanobenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH(C6H5)CN)
_374. - 1,1'-Bis[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = )
_375. - 1,1'-Dioctyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = n-C8H17)
_376. - 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = n-C18H37)
_377. - 1,1'-Bis[ethoxycarbonyl(phenyl)methyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH(C6H5)CO2Et)
_378. - Dimeric viologen
_379. - 1,2-Ethanediylbis(1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) (n = 2)
_380. - 1,3-Propanediylbis(1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) (n = 3)
_381. - 1,4-Butanediylbis(1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) (n = 4)
3.9. Symmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = R...
_382. - 1,1',2-Trimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = CH3)
_383. - 1,1'-Diethyl-2-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = C2H5, R2 - CH3)
_384. - 2-Methyl-1,1'-dipropyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = C3H7, R2 = CH3)
_385. - 2,2'-Dicyano-1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = R2' = CN)
_386. - 1,1',2,2'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_387. - 1,1',3,3'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R3 = R3' = CH3)
_388. - 1,1',2,2',6,6'-Hexamethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = R2' = CH3, R6 = R6' = CH3)
_389. - 1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-diphenyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = R2' = C6H5)
_390. - 1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bis(4-methylphenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH3, R2 = R2' = C6H4CH3)
_391. - 1,1'-Bis(cyanomethyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH2CN, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_392. - 1,1'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH2CH2Cl, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_393. - 1,1'-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH2CH2OH, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_394. - 1,1'-Bis(2-oxopropyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH2COCH3, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_395. - 1,1'-Bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = CH2CO2Et, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_396. - 1,1'-Bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = (CH2)3SO3–, R3 = R3' = CH3) (R1 = R1' = (CH2)3SO3–, R2 = R2' = CH3)
_398. - 1,1'-Bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R1 = R1' = (CH2)3SO3–, R2 = R2' = R6 = R6' = CH3)
3.10. Asymmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1 = CH...
_399. - 1,1'-Bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium
_400. - 1-Methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium-1'-oxide (R' = –O–)
_401. - 1-Methyl-1'-cyanomethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CN)
_402. - 1-Methyl-1'-carbamylmethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CONH2)
_403. - 1-Methyl-1'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CH2OH)
_404. - 1-Methyl-1'-allyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CH=CH2)
_405. - 1-Methyl-1'-(2-oxopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2COCH3)
_406. - 1-Methyl-1'-(3-cyano-2-propenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CH=CHCN)
_407. - 1-Methyl-1'-[2-bis(methylthio)ethenyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH=C(SCH3)2)
_408. - 1-Methyl-1'-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CO2Et)
_409. - 1-Methyl-1'-[cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH(CN)CO2C2H5)
_410. - 1-Methyl-1'-[3-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CH=CHCO2CH3)
_411. - 1-Methyl-1'-[(1-pyrazolyl)thiocarbonylmethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CSNO)
_412. - 1-Methyl-1'-benzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium
_413. - 1-Methyl-1'-[anilino(thiocarbonylmethyl)]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R' = CH2CSNHC6H5)
_414. - 1-Methyl-1'-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium
3.11. Asymmetrical 1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds (viologens, R1...
_416. - 1-Ethyl-1'-(2-ethylthioethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = C2H5, R' = (CH2)2SEt)
_417. - 1-(2-Methoxycarbonylethyl)-1'-propyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = C3H7, R' = (CH2)2CO2CH3)
_418. - 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1'-pentyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = C5H11, R' = CH2CH2OH)
_419. - 1-Allyl-1'-carboxymethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH2, R' = CH2CO2H)
_420. - 1-Allyl-1'-ethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH2, R' = C2H5)
_421. - 1-Allyl-1'-(3-cyanopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH2, R' = (CH2)3CN)
_422. - 1-Allyl-1'-[2-(diethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH2, R' = (CH2)2CONEt2)
_423. - 1-(3-Butenyl)-1'-(3-cyanopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = (CH2)2CH=CH2, R' = (CH2)3CN)
_424. - 1-(2-Butenyl)-1'-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH=CH(CH3), R' = (CH2)3F)
_425. - 1-(Carbamylmethyl)-1'-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2C(CH3)=CH2; R' = CH2CONH2)
_426. - 1-(2-Ethyl-2-propenyl)-1'-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2OCH3, R' = CH2C(Et)=CH2)
_427. - 1-(3-Chloro-2-butenyl)-1'-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (R = CH2CH2OCH3, R' = CH2CH=C(Cl)CH3)
3.12. Quaternary derivatives of phenanthrolines, diazapyrenes and diazapentaphenes (see also 3.6.)
_429. - 1,10-Phenanthroline
_430. - 1,9-Dimethyl-1,9-phenanthrolinium
_431. - 2,8-Dimethyl-2,8-phenanthrolinium
_432. - 2,7-Dimethyl-2,7-phenanthrolinium
_433. - 3,8-Dimethyl-3,8-phenanthrolinium
_434. - 3,7-Dimethyl-3,7-phenanthrolinium
_435. - 4,7-Dimethyl-4,7-phenanthrolinium
_436. - Benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']diquinolizium
_437. - Benzo[1,2-b:5,6-b']diquinolizium
_438. - Benzo[1,2-b:3,4-g']diquinolizium
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