Reduction Potentials

2,2'-Bipyridinium

(R¹ = R¹' = H)

Krishnan, C.V.; Creutz, C.; Schwarz, H.A.; Sutin, N.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105(17): 5617-23 (1983)

E = –500(mV), pH = (< 0)

Reference compound: Co(bpy)₃³⁺
Reference E: –890 mV
Co-solute: HCO₂^–

Kin.; E⁰.