Singlet oxygen quantum yields QY1

Benzophenone (BP)

Firey, P.A.; Ford, W.E.; Sounik, J.R.; Kenney, M.E.; Rodgers, M.A.J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110(23): 7626-30 (1988)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆D₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.29^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.29

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1. Reference sensitizer = BP in benzene, used phi_Delta(ref. sens.) in benzene = 0.29.

Wilkinson, F.; Helman, W.P.; Ross, A.B.
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 22(1): 113-262 (1993)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air or O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.35
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.35

See Table 4.

Terazima, M.; Tonooka, M.; Azumi, T.
Photochem. Photobiol. 54(1): 59-66 (1991)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.36^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = ~0.37

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: heat produced from singlet oxygen

lambda_exc = 337 nm. Measured phi_T, assumed Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1.

McLean, A.J.; McGarvey, D.J.; Truscott, T.G.; Lambert, C.R.; Land, E.J.
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86(18): 3075-80 (1990)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.31^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.31

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Pz; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.83; used phi_T(S) = 1.0. Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1.

Gorman, A.A.; Hamblett, I.; Lambert, C.; Prescott, A.L.; Rodgers, M.A.J.; Spence, H.M.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109(10): 3091-7 (1987)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = __; 0.29^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.33*; 0.29

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Np; TD = p-MAP; rel. to f_Delta^T(ref. sens.) = 0.55; lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1^c.

Gorman, A.A.; Hamblett, I.; Rodgers, M.A.J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106(17): 4679-82 (1984)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.29^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.29

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Reference sensitizer = Ac; rel. to f_Delta^T(ref. sens.) = 1.0; lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1^e, epsilon_T(S) = 7630 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 532 nm. Used epsilon_T(ref. sens.) = 24,300 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 440 nm, Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ (S) = 0.96, Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ (ref. sens.) = 1.

Stevens, B.; Marsh, K.L.; Barltrop, J.A.
J. Phys. Chem. 85(21): 3079-82 (1981)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 1.9 x 10^–3

Quantum yield of formation = 0.54

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: substrate consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DMA; lambda_exc = 365 nm. Assumed FTO2 = 1; measured phi_Delta(S)/phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 1.1, 1.6 and 1.8 for Reference sensitizer = DMA, Rub and DPBF, resp.; solvent may contain impurities.

Redmond, R.W.; Braslavsky, S.E.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 148(6): 523-9 (1988)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.35^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.35

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: heat produced from singlet oxygen

lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1. Measured phi_Delta = 0.35, Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1 and phi_F.

Redmond, R.W.; Braslavsky, S.E.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 148(6): 523-9 (1988)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.35^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.35

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Pz; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.83; used phi_T(S) = 1. Measured Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1.

Chattopadhyay, S.K.; Kumar, C.V.; Das, P.K.
J. Photochem. 24(1): 1-9 (1984)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.39^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.39

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DPBF; Triplet actinometer = S; lambda_exc = 337 nm; used k_d = 4.0 x 10⁴ s^-1, k_A = 8.0 x 10⁸ L mol^-1 s^-1, phi_T(AC) = 1, epsilon_T(AC) = 7600 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 532 nm.

Stevens, B.; Marsh, K.L.; Barltrop, J.A.
J. Phys. Chem. 85(21): 3079-82 (1981)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 9.0 x 10^–3

Quantum yield of formation = 0.90
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 1
Fraction of S₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: substrate consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DMA; lambda_exc = 365 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1.0. Assumed FTO2 = 1; measured phi_Delta(S)/phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.90, 1.0 and 1.13 for Reference sensitizer = DMA, Rub and DPBF, resp.; solvent may contain impurities.

Gorman, A.A.; Lovering, G.; Rodgers, M.A.J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100(14): 4527-32 (1978)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.4^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.4

Experimental method: pulsed radiolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DPBF; used phi_T(S) = 1.0, epsilon_T(S) = 7630 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 532 nm. Measured G(³S*).

Scaiano, J.C.; MacEachern, A.; Arnason, J.T.; Morand, P.; Weir, D.
Photochem. Photobiol. 46(2): 193-9 (1987)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: CDCl₃
Oxygen concentration: ~1.16 x 10^-2

Quantum yield of formation = 0.55^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.55

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DPBF; Triplet actinometer = S; lambda_exc = 337 nm; used phi_T(S) = 1^f, epsilon_T(S) = 7640 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 525 nm. p_A = 1.

Chattopadhyay, S.K.; Kumar, C.V.; Das, P.K.
J. Photochem. 30(1): 81-91 (1985)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: CH₃CN
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.37^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.37

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DPBF; Triplet actinometer = S; lambda_exc = 337 nm; used k_d = 2.5 x 10⁴ s^-1, k_A = 1.0 x 10⁹ L mol^-1 s^-1, phi_T(S) = 1^d, epsilon_T(AC) = 6500 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 520 nm. Showed Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ (S and S') > 0.95.

Gollnick, K.; Franken, T.; Schade, G.; Doerhoefer, G.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 171(1): 89-107 (1970) (International Conference on Singlet Molecular Oxygen and its Role in Environmental Sciences)

Sensitizer: Benzophenone (BP)
Solvent: MeOH
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation < 0.50

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: oxygen consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = 2,5-DMF; lambda_exc = 283-373 nm. Some free radical reaction occurs.

^c Value of phi_T(S) from the literature used in this work to calculate phi_Delta.
^d Value of phi_T(S) from the literature used in this work to calculate f_Delta^T.
^e Value of phi_T(S) measured or quoted by the authors, used in this work to calculate phi_Delta.
^f Value of phi_T(S) measured or quoted by the authors, used in this work to calculate f_Delta^T.
^T Value corrected for 100% quenching of T₁.
* Values recalculated using phi_Delta(S') or f_Delta^T(S') from Table 4 or from the quoted reference.
back...