Singlet oxygen quantum yields QY1

Anthracene (An)

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: iso-BuOH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.32

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: 1-BuOH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.26

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: (C₂H₅)₂O
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.35

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: i-C₅H₁₁OH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.38

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: n-C₆H₁₄
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.68

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.83

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

used phi_T(S) = 0.72. Assumed FTO2 = 1; used f_Delta^T = 1.0 and f_Delta^S = 0.46.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 1.0

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

used phi_T(S) = 0.72. Assumed FTO2 = 1; used f_Delta^T = 1.0 and f_Delta^S = 0.46.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 96(3): 383-9 (1983)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₅CH₃
Oxygen concentration: 1.2 x 10^-3

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = Rub; lambda_exc = 347 nm; used phi_T(S) = 0.72, epsilon_T(S) = 42,000 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 428.5 nm. Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1; n_Delta = 1.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 96(3): 383-9 (1983)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₅CN
Oxygen concentration: 1.2 x 10^-3

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = Rub; lambda_exc = 347 nm; used phi_T(S) = 0.72. Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1; used epsilon_T(S) = 24,000 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at lambda_max; n_Delta = 0.57.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₅Cl
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.95

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.85

Arai, T.; Karatsu, T.; Tsuchiya, M.; Sakuragi, H.; Tokumaru, K.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 149(2): 161-6 (1988)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 1.3 x 10^-4

Quantum yield of formation = 0.58^T
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.77

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = BP; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.29; lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 0.75. PSO2 < 0.02 and Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ > 0.99.

Terazima, M.; Tonooka, M.; Azumi, T.
Photochem. Photobiol. 54(1): 59-66 (1991)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = ~0.74

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: heat produced from singlet oxygen

lambda_exc = 337 nm. Measured phi_T; assumed Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1, [S] > 5 x 10^-4 mol L^-1, used phi_F = 0.22; phi_Delta = 0.50 extrapolating [S] -> 0; authors used meas. phi_T to give f_Delta^T = 0.95 but PSO2 != 0.

Rossbroich, G.; Garcia, N.A.; Braslavsky, S.E.
J. Photochem. 31(1): 37-48 (1985)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.61

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: heat produced from singlet oxygen

lambda_exc = 355 nm. Assumed f_Delta^S = 0; QTO2 = 0.78 gives f_Delta^T = 0.78.

Garner, A.; Wilkinson, F.
Singlet Oxygen, Reactions with Organic Compounds and Polymers, B. Ranby and J.F. Rabek (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., 1976, p.48-53

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: air^a

Quantum yield of formation = 0.63

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: triplet beta-carotene buildup as a probe for singlet oxygen production

Reference sensitizer = BP; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.35. Measured phi_Delta(S)/phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 1.8; since PSO2 != 0, only phi_Delta is obtainable.

Stevens, B.; Marsh, K.L.; Barltrop, J.A.
J. Phys. Chem. 85(21): 3079-82 (1981)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 1.9 x 10^-3

Quantum yield of formation = 0.88

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: substrate consumption under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Singlet oxygen acceptor = DMA; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.52; lambda_exc = 365 nm. Assumed FTO2 = 1.

Redmond, R.W.; Braslavsky, S.E.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 148(6): 523-9 (1988)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.68

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: heat produced from singlet oxygen

lambda_exc = 355 nm; used phi_T(S) = 0.78. Measured phi_Delta = 0.68, Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1 and QTO2 = phi_T(S) and phi_F. Authors assume f_Delta^S = 0 and f_Delta^T = 0.87 but PSO2 = 0.52 so values of f_Delta^S and f_Delta^T are indeterminable.

Redmond, R.W.; Braslavsky, S.E.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 148(6): 523-9 (1988)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.63

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Pz; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.83. Measured Proportion of T₁ quenched by O₂ = 1 and QTO2 ~ phi_T(S). Authors assume f_Delta^S = 0 and f_Delta^T = 0.87 but PSO2 = 0.52 so values of f_Delta^S and f_Delta^T are indeterminable.

Gorman, A.A.; Lovering, G.; Rodgers, M.A.J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100(14): 4527-32 (1978)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.7

Experimental method: pulsed radiolysis
Data type: time resolved substrate disappearance; sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse

Singlet oxygen acceptor = DPBF; used phi_T(S) = 0.75, epsilon_T(S) = 45,500 L mol^-1 cm^-1 at 432 nm. Measured G(³S*).

Stevens, B.; Marsh, K.L.; Barltrop, J.A.
J. Phys. Chem. 85(21): 3079-82 (1981)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: C₆H₆
Oxygen concentration: 9.0 x 10^-3

Quantum yield of formation = 1.1
Fraction of T₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 1.0
Fraction of S₁ yielding singlet oxygen = 0.46

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: substrate consumption under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = Singlet oxygen acceptor = DMA; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 1.0; lambda_exc = 365 nm; used phi_T(S) = 0.74. Assumed FTO2 = 1; phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 1 through coronene using phi_Delta(ave.) = 0.88.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: n-C₇H₁₆
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.63

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CCl₄
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.075

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.; Sukhorukov, V.L.; Egorov, S.Yu.; Potapenko, A.Ya.
Stud. Biophys. 114(1-3): 149-58 (1986)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CCl₄
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.13*; 0.15

Experimental method: modulated photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = TPP; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.7.

Bowen, E.J.
Discuss. Faraday Soc. (14): l43-6 (1953)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CCl₄
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.75

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: oxygen consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = S; lambda_exc = 365 nm.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CH₂Cl₂
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.37

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CH₃CN
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.27

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CH₃COCH₃
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.45

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CHCl₃
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.62

Bowen, E.J.
Discuss. Faraday Soc. (14): l43-6 (1953)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CHCl₃
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.69

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: oxygen consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = S; lambda_exc = 365 nm.

Bowen, E.J.
Discuss. Faraday Soc. (14): l43-6 (1953)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: CS₂
Oxygen concentration: O₂

Quantum yield of formation = 0.70

Experimental method: continuous photolysis
Data type: oxygen consumption under steady-state conditions

Singlet oxygen acceptor = S; lambda_exc = 365 nm.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: DMF
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.36

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: EtOH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.26

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: HCONH₂
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.20

Krasnovsky, A.A.,Jr.; Sukhorukov, V.L.; Egorov, S.Yu.; Potapenko, A.Ya.
Stud. Biophys. 114(1-3): 149-58 (1986)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: MeOH
Oxygen concentration: air

Quantum yield of formation = 0.7

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

Reference sensitizer = RF; rel. to phi_Delta(ref. sens.) = 0.4.

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: 1-PrOH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.3

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: 2-PrOH
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.32

Darmanyan, A.P.
Khim. Fiz. 6(9): 1192-8 (1987)

Sensitizer: Anthracene (An)
Solvent: c-C₄H₈O
Oxygen concentration: 0.2 atm O₂

Experimental method: pulsed laser photolysis
Data type: luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions

phi_Delta(tau_r(toluene)/tau_r) = 0.44

^a Oxygen concentration not given; assumed to be air saturated.
^T Value corrected for 100% quenching of T₁.
* Values recalculated using phi_Delta(S') or f_Delta^T(S') from Table 4 or from the quoted reference.
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