Abbreviations for Quantum Yields of Singlet Oxygen

List of Abbreviations and Symbols

Excitation Methods

CL -- continuous laser photolysis
CP -- continuous photolysis
MP -- modulated photolysis
PL -- pulsed laser photolysis
PR -- pulsed radiolysis

Measurement Methods

Ac -- substrate consumption under steady-state conditions
ACt -- actinometer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse
Ad -- time resolved substrate disappearance
betaCb -- triplet beta-carotene buildup as a probe for singlet oxygen production
Hp -- heat produced from singlet oxygen
LI -- luminescence intensity at end-of-pulse or under steady-state conditions
Oc -- oxygen consumption under steady-state conditions
Pa -- product appearance under steady-state conditions
St -- sensitizer triplet absorbance at end-of-pulse
TAt -- triplet acceptor absorbance at end-of-pulse
TDt -- triplet donor absorbance at end-of-pulse
Tr -- temperature rise

Other Symbols

DeltaA_A -- change in absorption due to acceptor A
DeltaA_T -- change in absorption due to triplet state
A -- substrate (singlet oxygen acceptor)
A' -- reference substrate
AC -- triplet actinometer
beta_A -- k_d/k_A
EDelta -- energy of O₂ (¹Delta_g) above the ground state
DELTA epsilon_T -- difference of extinction coefficients of triplet and ground state absorption
epsilon_T -- extinction coefficient of triplet state absorption
F -- fluorescence intensity of sensitizer
F^o -- fluorescence intensity of sensitizer in presence of oxygen
f_Delta^S -- fraction of S₁ quenched by O₂ which gives singlet oxygen
f_Delta^T -- fraction of T₁ quenched by O₂ which gives singlet oxygen
Sigmaf -- f_Delta^S + f_Delta^T
f_P^Delta -- fraction of singlet oxygen which emits
f_r^A -- fraction of ¹O₂* quenched by A which reacts
G -- radiation yield, molecules per 100 eV
k_d -- first-order decay rate of singlet oxygen in solvent
k_Delta -- first-order decay rate of singlet oxygen for [S] -> O
k_DeltaP -- first-order radiative decay rate of singlet oxygen
k_Deltad -- first-order radiationless decay rate of singlet oxyge
k_A -- rate constant for reaction of singlet oxygen with substrate
k_q^A -- rate constant for physical quenching of A
k_r^A -- rate constant for chemical reaction of A
k_S -- rate constant for reaction of singlet oxygen with sensitizer
k_SV -- Stern-Volmer constant for singlet quenching by O₂
L_Delta -- luminescence intensity due to singlet oxygen
lambda_exc -- wavelength of excitation
n_Delta -- number of singlet oxygen molecules found per triplet state formed
¹O₂* -- the first excited singlet state of molecular oxygen
P -- product from substrate
p_A -- fraction of substrate which reacts
phi_Delta -- quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation
phi_et -- quantum yield for energy transfer
phi_ox -- quantum yield of oxidation of substrate
phi_F -- quantum yield of fluorescence
phi_P^Delta -- quantum yield of phosphorescence of singlet oxygen
phi_T -- quantum yield of triplet formation (intersystem crossing yield)
S -- sensitizer
³S* -- sensitizer triplet
S' -- reference sensitizer
TA -- triplet acceptor
TD -- triplet donor
tau_r -- radiative lifetime
tau_Delta -- lifetime of singlet oxygen
tau_P^Delta -- radiative lifetime of singlet oxygen
<nu_F> -- integrated average frequency of sensitizer fluorescence in presence of oxygen
<nu_Delta> -- integrated average frequency of emission of singlet oxygen

Reference Sensitizers, Acceptors, Triplet acceptors, Triplet actinometers

Ac -- Acridine
2-ACN -- 2-Acetonaphthone
ADC -- Anthra[1,9-bc:4,10-b'c']dichromene
ADPA -- 9,10-Anthracenedipropionate ion
AlPCS -- Aluminum(III) sulfophthalocyanine
An -- Anthracene
Ang -- Angelicin
AnS -- Anthracenesulfonate ion
AP -- Acetophenone
AQ -- 9,10-Anthraquinone
ATU -- Allylthiourea
BChl a -- Bacteriochlorophyll a
BDX -- Benzo[1,2,3-kl:4,5,6k'l']dixanthene
Biph -- Biphenyl
BP -- Benzophenone
BRH₂ -- Bilirubin
BR^2– -- Bilirubin dianion
BXP -- Benoxaprofen
Car -- beta-Carotene (also beta-C)
Cd(II) Dye I -- Cadmium(II) 1-(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-2-naphtholate
Chl a -- Chlorophyll a
CQ -- Camphoroquinone
CZ -- Chlorpromazine
DCA -- 9,10-Dicyanoanthracene
DMA -- 9,10-Dimethylanthracene
4,7-DMAPs -- 4,7-Dimethylallopsoralen
DMBA -- 9,10-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
DMDPA -- 1,4-Dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylanthracene
2,5-DMF -- 2,5-Dimethylfuran
DMTBP -- 4,4'-Dimethoxythiobenzophenone
DNT -- 1,8-Dinaphthalene thiophene (Diacenaphtho[1,2-b:1',2'-d]thiophene)
DOPA -- 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
DPA -- 9,10-Diphenylanthracene
DPB -- 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene
DPBF -- 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran
DPF -- 2,5-Diphenylfuran
DPH -- 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
DPO -- 1,8-Diphenyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene
DTBF -- 2,5-Di-tert-butylfuran
Eos -- Eosin (Tetrabromofluorescein)
Ery -- Erythrosin (Tetraiodofluorescein)
ES -- Ergosterol
FFA -- Furfuryl alcohol
Fl -- Fluorescein
HCD -- Heterocoerdianthrone
His -- Histidine
HP -- Hematoporphyrin
HYP -- Hypericin
Im -- Imidazole
p-MAP -- 4'-Methoxyacetophenone
MB -- Methylene Blue
MDBH -- Mesodiphenylbenzhelianthrene
MDH -- Mesodiphenylhelianthrene
1-MeNp -- 1-Methylnaphthalene
MOP -- Methoxypsoralen
2M2P -- 2-Methyl-2-pentene
MPDEE -- Mesoporphyrin diethyl ester
MPDME -- Mesoporphyrin dimethyl ester
NMTA -- 10-Methyl-9-acridinethione
Np -- Naphthalene
PdTPP -- Palladium(II) tetraphenylporphyrin
PdTPPS^4– -- Palladium(II) tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin
Per -- Perylene
Ph a -- Pheophytin a
PP -- Protoporphyrin
PPDME -- Protoporphyrin dimethyl ester
PrPor -- 2,7,12,17-Tetrapropylporphycene
Pt(bpy)(N₃)₂ -- Platinum(II) diazido(2,2'-bipyridine)
Pt(phen)(BCAT) -- Platinum(II) (1,10-phenanthroline)(tert-butylcatechol)
Pt(phen)(dhn) -- Platinum(II) (1,10-phenanthroline)(2,3-naphthalenediol)
Py -- Pyrene
Pz -- Phenazine
RB -- Rose Bengal (Tetrachlorotetraiodofluorescein)
RBEE -- Rose Bengal ethyl ester
Ret -- (all-E)-Retinal
RF -- Riboflavine
RNO -- N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline
Rub -- Rubrene (5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene)
TEMP-4-OH -- 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol
Tetr -- Tetracene
T(m-HOP)P -- Tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin
T(p-HOP)P -- Tetra(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin
TME -- 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene (Tetramethylethylene)
H₂TMpyP⁴⁺ -- Tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin
TPBC -- Tetraphenylbacteriochlorin
TPCP -- Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
TPP -- Tetraphenylporphyrin
H₂TPPS^4– -- Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin
TrpH -- Tryptophan
UP -- Uroporphyrin I
ZnTPP -- Zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin
Zn(II) Dye II -- Zinc(II) 2-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-yl)azo-5-methylbenzoate
Zn(II) Dye III -- Zinc(II) 2-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-yl)azo-4-nitrophenolate

Medium components

AOT -- Di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Brij 35 -- Polyoxyethylene(23) dodecyl ether
BSA -- Bovine serum albumin
tert-BuOH -- tert-Butyl alcohol
CPC -- Hexadecylpyridinium chloride
CTAB -- Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
CTAC -- Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
DAP -- Dodecylammonium propionate
DDAB -- Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide
diox -- Dioxane
dis -- dispersion
DMAA -- N,N-Dimethylacetamide
DMF -- N,N-Dimethylformamide
DODAC -- Dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride
DPPC -- Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
DTAC -- Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride
EtOH -- Ethanol
HSA -- Human serum albumin
MeOH -- Methanol
mic -- micelles
i-octane -- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
1-PrOH -- 1-Propanol
2-PrOH -- 2-Propanol
PS -- Polystyrene
py -- Pyridine
SDS -- Sodium dodecylsulfate
THF -- Tetrahydrofuran
Triton X-100 -- Polyoxyethylene(10) 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl ether
ves -- vesicles